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Why are comics and poems alike 7: closure

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THE OTHER RETHORIC FIGURE THAT’S NOT METAPHOR

There is one called metonymy. The one in which the reader does the closure job and is very similar to “the part for the whole” or vice versa. Metonymy’s something akin to this:

«Les dijeron que fueran a hablar con la Iglesia».

They were told to go and talk to the Church”

Churches are buildings. They don’t speak. Until we think the people managing them does. But it is not usual to say: “They were told to go and speak to the bishops and cardinals representing the catholic religion”. No, we make it short and use the building or the institute’s image as subs.

In such way, we’re able to make the duplicity of literature to exist. Closure, as understood in gestalt, is something that happens both in poetry as in comics through symbolic relationships. Just think in the bat…chap and you will get it.

WHAT’S ITS RELATION TO COMICS?

Alfredo Ballesteros names a book in his discerning about why comics and poems are alike. Let’s take a peek at what the author [Scot McCloud] has to say [heavily edited for reasons regarding copyright and my own convenience1. Afterwards, I’ll explain things he couldn’t have guessed just because he doesn’t write poetry. NOTE: BEFORE I TRANSLATED THIS ENTRY, I HADN’T READ THE BOOK. THUS, IF YOU FIND I HAVE BEEN EXPLAINING THINGS QUITE WELL IT IS ONLY BECAUSE I’M VERY GOOD AT FIGURING THINGS.

UNDERSTANDING COMICS CHAPTER 3 [EDITED]

What do you think happened there? There is a guy with an axe…. Closure! Closure happened. You imagined then, it happened. The gutter is the use of closure in a comic.

Poetry is a rather personal thing. However, as I’ve said somewhere else; once out of your hands, it is the reader’s mind that will come up with whatever it is they want to come up. Specially when dealing with metaphors and metonimies. Let’s see this one:

Where did you meet him,

the thief who took it all from me?

This is part of a song composed because the author’s daughter’s wedding. If you know the fact, you understand it as a show off of paternal love. Yet, ignore that fact and…who stole your love from you? Right? You made up the story. Closure!

McCloud has admitted to this point that written word is the one media that gives more intimacy through closure. What he doesn’t know is that poetry makes that flying jump without the next panel. Poetry can be something as short as a haiku. Haikus have but a single panel. And that’s enough to fly. Rimbaud hits us with two panels… and it is enough to fly. Gustavo Adolfo Becquer hits us with four panels and that’s enough. 

Yes, only comics do create in the hybrid way they do. In spite of it, they are not the only media that brings up the dance. Poems and fiction do too.

HOW?

Through the invisible and the visible. Written fiction is the most abstract of possible abstraction. McCloud himself notices it when explaining something in chapter 2 of the book. Nonetheless, he doesn’t get himself into the problem of explaining how it works when writing fiction. He draws comics.

I write fiction about writing fiction and sometimes, fiction itself. I also read webtoons. That’s how I know.

What’s poetry? You inquire.

And such a question you dare,

Staring at me with blue hued eyes?

Poetry is you2.

Hasn’t your mind danced to this? Poems create by naming things. Its is our minds that do the rest.

THE END

Fiu. I’m done with “copying” the topic. It was so much of a copy that I wrote 7 entries about comics and poems being alike instead of the original 4 features explained by Ballesteros. At the end, I came up with: silence, sequence, symmetry, subdivision in smaller units (but not the same measuring method) and closure or symbolic relationships; plus the highly educated literacy to be able to create them all as shared features between comics and poems.

I hope the journey was as enjoyable as it was insufferable. It is impossible to learn anything without the hard work.   It is impossible to enjoy without the suffering along.

Have you spent a great time creating? Like it, comment it, say I’m crazy (nothing new and quite obvious). Do! Or rest. Pasto kalo.

  1. If you feel like reading it all, I’ll recommend buying it. Nonetheless, there’s always the case taxes have become a little pesky thanks to certain presidents or Amazon policies won’t allow you to properly get it because they don’t deliver such merchandise in your country. In such case I won’t be a prude. You can go to THAT library. ↩︎
  2. My free translation of a Gustavo Adolfo Becquer poem. I don’t remember the number. Please comment if you do. I don’t think I’ll remember to check it up. ↩︎
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How to write fiction

Why are comics and poems alike 7: closure p2

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So, I was talking about Gestalt and had poorly defined it to derail the train of thought with a “to be continued”. Let’s pick it up there. At the definition.

gestalt /ɡəˈʃtɑːlt, ɡəˈʃtalt/

I.       noun

II.     [Psychology] an organized whole that is perceived as more than the sum of its parts.

derivatives

1. gestaltism

noun

2. gestaltist

noun

– origin 1920s: from German Gestalt , literally ‘form, shape’.

gestalt psychology

noun — [ mass noun ]

1. a movement in psychology founded in Germany in 1912, seeking to explain perceptions in terms of gestalts rather than by analysing their constituents.

Or, easier: if you take a look at a circle missing a little bit of the whole perimeter line, your brain will do the rest and you will perceive the shape as a full circle. Whether there is no circle.

The idea is quite useful when teaching languages. You practice with the same exercise making variations of it. In a map, we locate Francia and state franceses live in Francia (yes, kind of obvious but we’re talking a different language here). Next time, you ask where franceses live. And for the exam you ask whether or not franceses live in la India. Yes, French and other people can certainly move to live in India but you’re smart and perceive the purpose of the repetition and the missing information. Sooner or later, the brain does the job.

In design, as well as in comics —taking them as an extension of visual communication; it is very similar. Which is what takes us to rhetoric.

RHETORICAL

rhetoric /ˈrɛtərɪk/

I. noun — [ mass noun ]

1. the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

• he is using a common figure of rhetoric, hyperbole.

2. language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect, but which is often regarded as lacking in sincerity or meaningful content

• all we have from the Opposition is empty rhetoric.

– origin Middle English: from Old French rethorique , via Latin from Greek rhētorikē

(tekhnē) ‘(art) of rhetoric’, from rhētōr ‘rhetor’.

rhetorical /rɪˈtɒrɪk(ə)l/

I. adjective

1. relating to or concerned with the art of rhetoric

• repetition is a common rhetorical device.

2. expressed in terms intended to persuade or impress

• the rhetorical commitment of the government to give priority to primary education.

And rhetoric in poetry 00 begins with the woman in white who comes up and goes in an instant. Naked (yes, the poet was male but why to exclude women who like women?). She is the image of poetry the author could come up with to explain his love and disdain and fascination. Metaphor is the thing or the being who understands what’s going on inside a writer’s brain to be able to make a thing to pass by as something completely different yet similar to the thing being described.

Oh dulce flor que duermes al amor1

Oh sweet bloom, you who lulls love

In this one, the loved one is like a flower. Either because they’re beautiful or because they’re fragile. Around now you must be grinning because you already know what a metaphor is. However, metaphors require symbolic substitutes that can be as personal as toothbrushes and it is not the only rhetorical figure out there. 

TO BE CONTINUED

  1. Am I inventing or remembering? No idea. Anyone recognizing the verse, tell me. I’ll credit the source. ↩︎
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How to write fiction

Why are comics and poems alike 6: are really metrics and comics compatible? p2

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Actually, I don’t think anyone has ever got themselves to pigeon cage comics regarding the number of vignettes on page the same way poems were for a long time for being iambic or not. I mean, I’m utterly ignorant as it is about poems in Spanish to consider getting myself into the foots existing for poems in English but just looking at poets¡ efforts to compose paired stanzas, triplets, redondillas, quintillas and a lot more of syllable number related names, makes me wonder if comic drawers would ever bother. A

N INVISIBLE WORD EVERYBODY TALKS ABOUT

And such a thing took me to a word no one bothers talking about. More like everybody mentions but no one defines. Except, maybe, the dictionary.

beat /biːt/

I. verb — [with obj. ]

3. [no obj. ] — (of an instrument) make a rhythmical sound through being struck• drums were beating in the distance.

II. noun1. a main accent or rhythmic unit in music or poetry• the glissando begins on the second beat.

2. a strong rhythm in popular music• the music changed to a funky disco beat.

3. [in sing. ] — a regular, rhythmic sound or movement• the beat of the wipers became almost hypnotic.

4. the sound made when something, especially a musical instrument, is struck• he heard a regular drum beat.

5. a pulsation of the heart.6. a periodic variation of sound or amplitude due to the combination of two sounds, electrical signals, or other vibrations having similar but not identical frequencies. Aha, at the time when I wrote this in Spanish, I relied on Goo.. to give me something to read and define what a beat was ̶ since every single manual about writing fiction I had started (and never finished) reading, spoke about but never really defined. Beats were the same kind of mystery arches were. Now I understand what an arch is but I’m still clueless how to define when to start or end one and why are they called arches? Funny enough, I’m still lost about beats. FILMOGRAPHY’S BEATS So I found this famous institution teaching things that had a definition for beats in filming. Here is the link in case you want to check it yourself.

A BEAT IS THE STATEMENT TELLING WHAT’S GOING ON

I know, the website doesn’t say that verbatim but defining things is a duty here. I think it is similar to: “Where two shopping carts are filled in to the brim, a white haired pipe smoker gets Dad on edge and Gretchen’s ideas about true love start to crumble»1.

A beat is not centered in the how it happens but in the what and; seemingly, it is a way to subdivide a story de same way an outline divides into chapters and scenes. Very similar to a word Big-choma uses: a rundown. A something written where the drawer describes what they is going to draw.

As such, beats explain how to subdivide things into scenes but nothing about measuring them. The measures regarding squares… I mean vignettes, haven’t been invented yet. In spite of the not entirely established convention [that perhaps exist only in my imagination] of 3 to 4 vignettes for some comics and 30 vignettes for webtoon.

It can’t be counted as a convention since it is quite easy to add or take off any unnecessary vignette to adapt the flow to the beats of the story.

The number of vignettes in the same manga volume, adapted to the number of beats or subdivisions giving shape to a story.

In conclusion, poems and comics do share this separation or sibdivision of information in smaller units that can be measured and can alter the message conveyed.

Though, metrics are not compatible to vignettes, Metrics deal with sound units and the vignettes are image units. Plus, there are no clear conventions about the number of vignettes or chomas used on page; like there used to be about poems.

Would you thrive under the conditions of counting or the conditions of freedom? Have the best of times creating things with or without measure. Pasto kalo.

  1. Una historia familiar [A family’s story]. Christine Nöstlinger. Salvat Alfaguara. 1987. Traducción [translation from German to Spanish by] de Marisa Delgado. Capítulo 3 [Chapter 3], retranslated to English by me f ↩︎
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How to write fiction

Why are comics and poems alike 6: are really metrics and comics compatible? p1


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A DIFFERENT CONCLUSION

This is a different conclusion to the series about metrics, poetry and comics. It means I might be wrong and I don’t know if I’m being brave enough to say I’ve made a mistake or stupid enough to walk backwards and show you what some people call a bad quality: to back off on beliefs. But, as in yoga1, sometimes one must undo what’s been done.

RHYME OR SYMMETRY

In spite of agreeing comics and poetry can’t be measured in a similar manner given the differences between image and sound and regarding the fact rhyme is totally independent from metrics; I realized I haven’t proved at all metrics exist for both media.

A verse can consist in two, five, twelve syllables and still be iambic or not, rhymed or not. Thus, the translation symmetry2 is there or not but metrics is all about In music there are musemas, the minimal unit of musical meaning that can be symmetric when repeated. Believe it or not. And I should stop researching unrelated topics or I’ll never end sounds.

WHAT’S MISSING IN ORDER TO CORRELATE METRICS AND COMICS?

Big-Choma would tell me: “If you can count syllables in a poem, you can do the same about vignettes”. That’s’ the missing thing. Once the relation between poem and comics stablished as sequence, silence and symmetry.

Right! There are 4 vignettes, 8, 9 and … how many squares were there in the man wearing a bat’s page I posted in the entry about sequence? They happened to be 14, as in an Alexandrian stanza. Are there Alexandrian sequences in comics?

There can be a different number of vignettes, even in the same comic volume


TO BE CONTINUED

  1. No, I don’t do yoga. ↩︎
  2. In music there are musemas, the minimal unit of musical meaning that can be symmetric when repeated. Believe it or not. And I should stop researching unrelated topics or I’ll never end ↩︎
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How to write fiction

Keep it simple, says a historian

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That day’s entry I was taking a break…More like procrastinating comparing comics and poems. At the moment I had the not so suitable suspicion you can make anything similar to anything if you dig enough as many funny ideas do. Or maybe it was just a cynical and disagreeable thought raising its venomous head to make me feel discouraged.

As of anything, today is a quote. Yes, I began to quote very early since writing is something you can pretend that needs a lot being said but, in fact, only needs the stupid order of… writing.

TIM FERRIS INTERVIEW TO NUVAL YOAH HARARI

This is good advice about teaching. And teaching is something a good writer should be able to do. Why? Because it requires making things simple and to show more than telling. It requires practice, telling suitable lies and confidence you can actually convey a message (story or information). García Márquez said you can’t be that confident. However, if you’re not confident enough, you might end giving up on that novel or comic or whatever. There are so many people who write better, right?

Yet, we still have something to say.

Whole interview with Yoah Harari


«I had to go back again and again to the core ideas and the lecture notes and ask <<Do I really understand what I’m talking about? If I really understand I should be able to make it simpler. I should be able to give a straightforward example>>» «It is a good method because first year students take no bullshit» «Whatever you write, the computer is fine with it. It’s too long, it’s incomprehensible, it’s boring, the computer doesn’t care but the students give you immediate feedback»

Oh, this ain’t a comercial since Tim Ferris (thanks a lot be given to the chap), allows anyone to use the interview transcription (blog or newspaper article); as long as it is no longer than 500 words, it is unprofitable and the source is mentioned. Something I deem as ultra kind since I don’t have to bite my tongue and avoid saying it is the guy who plays bat to avoid DMCA. 

Pasto kalo.

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How to write fiction

Why are comics and poems alike 5: metrics p4

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SYLLABLES GET REPEATED: SOMETHING COMICS HAVE

No. Not about the sound. Or The words. About the image. The syllable; consonant + vowel, vowel + consonant, consonant + vowel + consonant, gets repeated and repetition is SYMMETRY.

WHAT ABOUT SYMMETRY?

Symmetry is when we repeat an image based the repetition in an imaginary axis from where we: reflect, rotate, transfer or scale. Whenever we use the same syllable in a different line, that is totally like symmetry; particularly the one of transferring or movement.

The four symmetries: mirror or bylateral, rotation, transfer and scale.

Voilà, comics and poems are alike because symmetry! (Without regard to poem’s symmetry being called rhyme).

That, given the comic uses symmetry to repeat elements in order to communicate like in the manga I have been using as an example. Haru no noroi by Asuka Konishi , adapted into live action.  

First and second vignettes, transfer and scale symmetry.

In these covers, what you can take as a partial almost mirror symmetry is a trick to create movement and express the character’s emotional situation. When opposed to each other, they can’t be further away and when facing each other, it means the attraction building up. Thus we can talk not only of symmetry but of symbolism. Something poems do: metaphor. But I’m not talking metaphor. And I’m using these covers as example only because I liked the manga.

Am I genial or am I? Truthfully… I AM NOT. Nonetheless, this was just a clumsy attempt to make my hypothesis falsifiable in the same way I do everything. WRITING NONSENSE. What else is fiction but acceptable nonsense?

Don’t! Your likes, comments or curses won’t stop me from writing. I only hope you will read and think how to use symmetry in your next fiction. Pasto kalo.

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How to write fiction

Why are comics and poems alike 5: metrics p3

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SOUNDS AND PREFIXES

According to the number of syllables in a verse, we will add prefixes to refer to diverse existing numeral giving names to verses:

bi-tri-tetra-penta-hexa-hepta-octo-enea-deca- endeca-dodeca-trideca-tetra deca[1] syllabic/meter.

And here is when things GET A LOT DIFFERENT THAN IN SPANISH.

Whilst Spanish counts syllables and gives the poem a name based upon the number of syllables in a line[2] (verse); English counts the stressed[3] and unstressed and takes the order of them into account to call it a foot. English names verses after the foot.

<<In accentual-syllabic prosody the basic unit of poetry is the line, clearly visible on the page, which may be defined as ‘a single sequence of characters read from left to right’. Lines are analysed by breaking the metre, the rhythmic pattern, down into the repetition of a basic unit, a foot, and saying how many feet make up a line.>>

The poem handbook John Lennard. Oxford University Press, second edition 1996, 2005.

SYLLABLES OR NOT SYLLABLES

<<Poetry was spoken before it was written, and rhyme, the coincidence of sounds, has prehistoric origins in ritual, celebration, and memory training. Most Westerners learn nursery rhymes or children’s chants, and know a fair number of simple rhymes giving information (red sky at night, shepherd’s delight) or advice (if you can’t beat ’em, join ’em). […].  Vision is now our primary sense, and for many to hear clearly how rhyme works in a poem means seeing a rhyme-scheme. >>

The poem handbook John Lennard. Oxford University Press, second edition 1996, 2005.

Whatever. It doesn’t really matter at the moment. Iambic, pentameter or pentasyllabic, Alexandrian, or minor art verse, verses share a quality: they either rhyme or not and here is where light starts to shine upon the damned topic because rhyme is not just a sound thing. Or it is a sound thing but it is also something that CAN BE SEEN.

TO BE CONTINUED


[1] Called Alejandrinos, the quantum may care why.

[2] As usual, the verses can be popular or intellectual. A verse minor to 8 syllables is a minor art verse and a longer one a major art verse. In the end, one wonders why the heck musicians are to receive a Nobel in literature but such is Spanish; not English.

[3] Any need to complícate it even more? They’re called ictus.

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How to write fiction

Why are comics and poems alike 5: metrics p2

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WHAT’S A POEM’S METRE?

Do we use a measure tape in between the poem’s legs to measure its… between the legs? From armpit to armpit to measure its chest? What do you measure in a word bunch? We don’t count the number of characters to know how much space they use as designers do to fix the lay out.

And for knowing what to measure, we need conventions… or the small little agreements we humans use to name things[1] after. And this is going to be confusing for me since everything is a little different in Spanish.

FIRST CONVENTION

Poems don’t have paragraphs, they have stanzas[2]. Fine then, poem’s paragraphs are called stanzas or strophes. That there are a lot of inconvenient little details like “strophes are the first part of the Iliad[3] or that “strophes are used in free verses without rhyme” is something I will forget about. There is no need to bring up rhyme or no rhyme yet.

stanza /ˈstanzə/

I. noun

1. a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse (is a verse a synonym of stanza dear Oxford?)

2. a group of four lines in some Greek and Latin metres.

SECOND CONVENTION

A line is a verse.

Yes, I know. Everybody knows this. Nonetheless, as Nuval Yoah Harari says; you might spit all the fancy words physicians and experts do and mess it up just because you don’t understand a blah of the really basic stuff by ignoring the basic words. I AM NOT TO IGNORE THE BASICS IN ORDER TO DO FALSIBIABLE.

verse /vəːs/

I. noun — [ mass noun ]

1. writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme

• a lament in verse

• [as modifier ] verse drama.

2. [ count noun ] — a group of lines that form a unit in a poem or song; a stanza

• the second verse.

3. [ count noun ] — each of the short numbered divisions of a chapter in the Bible or other scripture.

• we were each required to recite a Bible verse from memory.

• on the walls were framed verses from the Koran.

A bunch of lines (verses) becomes a stanza or strophe in every line mayor period break.

Very interesting… what’s a syllable?! Again very obvious, right. Explain it to me I dare you.

WHAT’S A SYLLABLE?

And I’m listening to my nephew playing whys game. Why is a syllable a sound? Why can sounds be represented by AN individual character like and “a” or a “g” but we set them together into “a sound” represented by a group of characters like “S.E.T.?

Fine. A SYLLABLE IS ONE SOUND.

TO BE CONTINUED


[1] We’re quite good fighting about this and that but also at getting together to create life complications.

[2] Look at my surprised face, not strophes but stanzas!

[3] Don’t crucify me, I don’t remember what classical book was mentioned. The point is that the name comes from somewhere and it is annoying to remember where from, in THAT super specific way. Poems have a structure and that’s the important part right now.

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How to write fiction

Why are comics and poems alike 5: metrics p1

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metric2 /ˈmɛtrɪk/

I. adjective

relating to or composed in a poetic metre.

• the public recitation of metric, rhyming verse.

II. noun

the metre of a poem.

– origin late 15th cent. (denoting the branch of study dealing with metre): via Latin from Greek metrikos , from metron (see metre2 ).

metre2 /ˈmiːtə / ‹US› meter

I. noun

1. the rhythm of a piece of poetry, determined by the number and length of feet in a line

• the Horatian ode has an intricate governing metre

• [ mass noun ] unexpected changes of stress and metre.

2. the basic rhythmic pattern of beats in a piece of music.

• a dance song in fast quadratic metre.

• Prokofiev’s complex metres.

– origin Old English, reinforced in Middle English by Old French metre , from Latin metrum , from Greek metron ‘measure’.

CAN COMICS BE MEASURED WITH METRICS?

…Ah, good question. Thus, I [most] probably have a shellish answer for that. Particularly since I don’t know anything about metrics and the less about metrics in English. Spanish speaker, remember? However, here I go trying the impossible,

From the point of view of the above definition, NO. Metrics measure verses. Comics don’t have verses. Conclusion? Comics and poetry have nothing to do regarding metrics.

WHAT CHANGED FROM LAST ENTRY?

Are you just being Mary quite contrary, Merriam? Maybe…

Do you know this science procedure of establishing ways to prove something as false? Well, I’m running a mock trial of falsifiable. That’s, if I can. Maybe I can only make a bigger mess than the one I already started in last entry but one has to do in order to mess up.

Thus, we need to keep the statement:

comics and poems don’t have metrics as a similar feature at all

in order to try and prove the opposite.

TO BE CONTINUED

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How to write fiction

Why are comics and poems alike: Sequence p4

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WHY IS MUSICALITY IMPORTANT

Since the order of words affects the sequence of the poem ̶words and symbols are, after all, the compounding features of a poem̶ it affects the predictability and regularity given the factpredictability and regularity make metrics up, the rhythm in which verses are read.

SEQUENCE IS AKIN TO COMICS AND POETRY ALIKE

In conclusion, sequence (taking regularity and predictability) is something in common for comics and poetry alike. We can tell the same story changing the order—either symbolic or realistic; yet, the order changes the impact.

Paraphrasing Alfredo Ballesteros, both comics and poetry try to tell a story with the minimum1.

In my opinion, both take up the best of the media. Despite being an action based media, the same way films are; comics still have this corner to accommodate a bit of introspection. TV series and movies CAN’T. Nowadays authors might even add music to the experience2.

Poems are pure introspection. The author invents the same symbols they uses to communicate hate, love or desperation. The very same reason why poetry is so hard to read. It requires even more literacy than novels and tales. It requires to do with language what some comic artists do with ink. An absolute command of language/art and imagery.

Plus, poetry is not the same in English, Russian or French. Musicality and expression change altogether the relevance of the word order. Or its irrelevance. I think every author covets poetry in some way. The same way some artists may covet the expressivity of comics.

Tamed and changed,

Who to play the words does dare?

Her advice nor minor in any way.

She, the mistress and queen.

The wonder of narrative.

Ready to create sequences? Enjoy the regularity of measurements, enjoy the predictability of what comes next. Pasto kalo.

  1. He has never, ever, listened about a certain poem for a Fairy queen. Something I don’t intend to read but I know about being very long… ↩︎
  2. I hate this. I like my comics listening to MY music. ↩︎